History of Entrainment & Sound
The Big Bang - Gigantic soundwaves spread out as the burning hot fireball of matter filled and flooded our forever expanding universe, since then it has been cooling, but these ancient soundwaves have left an afterglow which is now called the cosmic microwave background.
00AD - Effects of Brainwave entrainment first identified by Claudius Ptolemy who was a writer, mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet.
1839 - Heinrich Wilhelm Dove - Discovering that the binaural beat was produced by the brain itself.
1903 - Neil Sphencin medical doctor - denmark - won 1903 noble prize, treating small pox & TB with light therapy
1920 - Riley Spintler - teaching light therapy, research that shining light in the eyes balances the nervous system in regards to vision problems.
1924 - Hans Berger - First obtained the first recording of Electroencephalography (EEG)
1929 - Hans Berger upon his discovery of the Alpha brainwave - found the strength of the wave could be "driven" beyond its natural frequency using flickering lights (Photic Driving), which is another word for brainwave entrainment using photic (light) stimulation.
1934 - Adrian, E & Mathews - Using visual entrainment experiments to stimulate brainwaves, primary using Alpha waves.
1942 - Dempsey and Morison discovered that repetitive tactile stimulation could also produce entrainment.
1950s - Robert Monroe - Founder and creator of Hemi-Sync, The Monroe Institute (TMI). During the early fifties producing evidence that sound patterns had an influence for beneficial effects.
1958 - Monroe Industries, Inc - The research of Robert Monroe, Tom Campbell.
1958 - Robert Jarred - Found some colours would change brainwave states using colours, and the speed, if too high and pulsing would create more energy, and too low and slow will be a feeling of more depressed.
1959 - Dr. Chatrian observed auditory entrainment in response to clicks at a frequency of 15 cycles per second (Beta)
1959 - M.D Magnus C. Petersenm M.D, and Jorge A. Lazarte, M.D - Measured responses from clicks in the human brain at Rochester Hospital
1959-1974 - The worlds first commercial Brainwave Syncronizer
1960 - Brion Gysin's Dream Machine - A stroboscopic light machine, using a large cylinder tube, with evenly spaced slits throughout, resting on top of record player, with a light suspended in the centre. Allowed light to pass through creating visual &
1960s - Anesthesiologist M.S. Sadove - Started using Binaural beats to reduce the amount of anaesthesia needed for surgery & dental procedures, noting less anaesthesia required, nothing less bleeding and a general reduction in anxiety.
1965 - Christiaan Huygens - Who first identified Entrainment via an experiment with two clocks pendulum, wheres the left in motion within a day their swaying motions were all syncronized.
1971 - The Monroe Institute was created - for the exploration of human consciousness
1973 - Dr. Gerald Oster examined how combining 2 pure tones resulted in a rhythmic beat which he called Binaural and Monaural Beats.
1975 - Robert Monroe patented Hemi-Sync, a trademarked name to create audio patterns containing binaural beats, overlayed within music on cassettes.
1978 - The U.S military evaluated The Monroe Institute to arrange officers to attend OOBE training.
1980s - Norm Rosenthawl - Started shining white light into the eyes for winter depression. he coined the term SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)
1980 - Dr. Glen Solomon researching entrainment for headache relief as well as general relaxation.
1981 - Arturo Manns published a study showing the effectiveness of Isochronic Tones as a means of audio-based brainwave entrainment.
1980 - Tsuyoshi Inouye at Osaka University Medical School in Japan found that photic stimulation produced "cerebral synchronisation".
1981 - Michael Hutchison in his book "MegaBrain", outlining the many possibilities of entrainment from meditation to enhancing creativity.
1984 - Dr. Brockopp analysed audio-visual brain stimulation and hemispheric synchronization during EEG monitoring.
1985 - G.Solomon treating 24 participants with migraines, using a slow wave photic stimulation 5-8hz for treatment of Headaches.
1987 - Study on imagination, cognition and personality using photic driving and altered states of consciousness
1998 - Mindplace mind machines first created
1990s - Dr. Russell + Dr. Carter explored potential of using entrainment with ADD and learning disorders as well as Chronic Fatigue, Chronic Pain, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Hypertension and a number of other disorders.
1990 - Dr. Roger K Cady - Studied neurochemical responses of cranial electrical stimulation and photo-stimulation by Brainwave entrainment.
1998 - Melanopsin - Recently discovered as an investigation of light sensitivity.
2000 - Joyce, M. Siever, D & Twitty, M. Using Audio/Visual entrainment to treat behaviour disorders
2005 - 2010 - The build of Parsonage Side Retreat - A dedicated residential research centre for exploring consciousness in many forms.
2008 - Monroe Products
2010 - Lucia No.3 Hypnagogic Light machine created by two inventors Dr. Engelbert Winkler & Dirk Proeckl
2014 - Ajna Light developed by Guy Harrison
2014 - PandoraStar Ltd - Built by Jimi Simpson
2020 - Roxiva Innovations LTD - Jimi Simpson & Lance Carter